10 Of The Top Facebook Pages Of All-Time About Evolution Korea
Evolution Korea
South Korea's democracy is susceptible to populist impulses. However, it is more stable than one would expect.
The country is looking for an innovative development paradigm. A Confucian culture that stresses respect for ancestors as well as gendered family relations continues to influence the society. There are signs that a secularist culture is emerging.
Origins
In prehistoric times the ancestors of modern Koreans were able to survive by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans, and other crops. They also raised livestock and produced furs. These people formed tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also developed a metallurgy business, making iron tools, including bronze. They also traded with other countries and introduced celadon and block printing to Japan along with styles of art and a written language and papermaking.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture, including Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this period the people of Buyeo were part of Gojoseon. Gojoseon had a hierarchical structure with a monarch and top officials were drawn from the landed aristocracy whereas the majority of the population were peasants. The state collected taxes from these people and sometimes even forced them to join the army or construct fortifications.
Onjo the prince of Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong, the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje at the close of the period. The new kingdom grew into the southwest part of the peninsula, and clashed against the Goguryeo commanderies and China's in the region. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian thinking into its state belief system and made the male-centric filiopiety concept an official doctrine in 1390 CE. In the name of filiopiety, fathers were responsible to their families. They had to be obeyed by everyone and respected even by their grandchildren and children.
Goryeo, who ruled from 918 to 1392 CE introduced the world to the Hangul alphabet built on the patterns created by the mouth when it was pronounced. This greatly improved communication and led to a boom in the writing of Buddhist text. Woodblock printing and movable metal type were also improved. In 1145 CE, the Samguk Sagi, or "History of the Three Kingdoms" was recorded for the first time.
Development in Korea
The Korean peninsula was habitable from Neolithic times onwards. Early evidence of human settlements can be found in the form of graves paved with stones, and adorned with valuable items like amazonite jewelry being buried alongside the dead. Megalithic structures, also known as dolmens, constructed from massive single stones, are prevalent throughout the country.
In the first half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognizable political state. After that, the peninsula was ruled by several states in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCbetween 635 and 57 BC CE) including Baekje, Goguryeo, and Silla. In addition, the northern region of the peninsula was occupied by the Balhae kingdom, which most historians do not consider to be a proper Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states arose in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje was the most powerful of these states was diminished by the collapse of Goguryeo (676 CE) leaving only its southern regions in Manchuria, and western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo, and the Gaya confederacy, flourished for a short period of time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms started to work together to expand their territories. In the final, Silla, with significant Chinese aid, conquered the other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea is entering a post-crisis period, its development paradigm seems to be in flux. People who are shocked by the huge cost of the old systems are in favor of a comprehensive plan for liberalization of labor, capital and markets for products. On the other hand, people who support the old system seek to keep it alive through nationalist sentiments, as well as by stoking fears of job loss.
Analysts and academics are divided over the extent to which Korea's growth is influenced by these two trends. This article assesses developments to date, by looking at five phases of Korea's political evolution: the illiberal democratic period (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72), authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87) democratic paternalism (1987-2001), and participatory democracy (2002 to the present). This article also highlights important factors that appear to be shaping these processes.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26 percent of the population is Christian. The creationists have been successful in promoting their views among this population. A survey in 2009 revealed that almost three-quarters of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those who voted, 41% said that there wasn't enough evidence from science to support the theory 39% of respondents said that the theory did not align with their beliefs and 17% said it was difficult to grasp. The level of doubt is similar to that of the United States where a similar number do not believe that humans evolved from earlier types of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution movement in Korea was focused on the education of students and the introduction of Christ to them. In 1980, a four-day creation science seminar was held in Seoul during the World Evangelization Crusade. Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. The event was attended by a large number of professors, church leaders and scientists.
The success of this event led to the founding of the Korea Association of Creation Research (KACR) on January 31st, 1981. The inauguration meeting was widely reported in the national press, including The Korea Times and Chosun Ilbo and attracted a lot of attention.
KACR started publishing a newsletter called CREATION. In it, the group presented its own work and published articles on scientific evidence for creationism. It also translated slides and film strips from ICR as well as some books on creationism that were already published outside of Korea. KACR members delivered lectures in universities and churches across the country.
One instance of a KACR success story took place at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at KAIST in Seoul were fascinated by creationism that they raised funds and received funding to build a small museum dedicated to creation on campus.
In addition to its activities, KACR has published a bimonthly magazine, CREATION. The magazine covers a variety of topics that pertain to the science of creation. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established a network of local branch offices that give seminars and talks to schoolchildren and community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the late nineteenth century and into the early twentieth century, Korea began to adopt an increasingly Westernized lifestyle. The hanbok, the traditional Korean dress, was replaced to miniskirts, as well as other fashion elements imported from abroad. Similar to the way traditional Korean music styles were replaced by contemporary jazz and rock and roll. At this time, the famous samulnori, or masked dance-dramas, became popular with the public. These dramatic pieces were performed to the beat of shaman drummers as well as other musical instruments.
The economic crisis has shaped Korea's new model of development. The primary challenge facing the new regime lies in the proper balance between the state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also requires changing incentives, monitoring or disciplining schemes which have shaped the system prior to the crisis. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
The Baekje was founded by Onjo, prince of Goguryeo and the third son of Jumong, Baekje was established jointly by the people who lived along the Hangang River, those from Buyeo and other regions, as well as people from northern China. In the early 4th century, Baekje was a major regional power and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. As a result, it was in frequent battle with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanderies along the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the development of powerful local factions. Gungye was a nobleman from Later Baekje who established a kingdom in Songak with Songak as the capital. He ruled a portion of today's Jeolla province and Chungcheong. Later, he relocated the capital to Wansanju. He became an adversary to Goguryeo.
However the rule of his was short-lived. After Gungye's defeat, he was overthrown by an influential local leader, Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935, Later Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as a successor state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms, and strengthened the centralized ruling system. This marked the closing of the Three Kingdoms period. From 에볼루션코리아 on the Korean peninsula was ruled by the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla gradually developed into powerful states in Manchuria and on the peninsula.